Do you know about - Translation - importance and Scope
Science Current Events! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.The in-depth study of Art of Translation demands more concentration not because it paves way for global interaction and offers an excellent opportunity to endure socio-cultural eye of varied languages and their literatures but also gives an opportunity to organize some kind of relevance it has in the study and area of Literary Criticism. Translation Studies can very safely be included as an important genre in the domain of Literary annotation since translation is an art prompting to peep into the diversified lingual, cultural and literary article of a source language and thus highlighting/appreciating the essence and niceties of the literature of that particular translated language. In the context of Indian Studies, keeping in view the multilingual and pluristic cultural nature of our country,translation has an important role to play. It is straight through translation that we can look into the rich patrimony of India as one integrated unit and feel proud of our cultural legacy. The relevance of translation as multifaceted and a multidimensional action and its international point as a socio-cultural bridge between countries has grown over the years. In the gift day circumstances when things are fast bright ahead globally,not only countries and societies need to interact with each other closely, but individuals too need to have perceive with members of other communities/societies that are spread over separate parts of the country/world. In order to cater to these needs translation has come to be an important action that satisfies individual, societal and national needs.
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It goes without saying that the point and relevance of translation in our daily life is multidimensional and extensive. It is straight through translation we know about all the developments in communication and technology and keep abreast of the newest discoveries in the varied fields of knowledge, and also have entrance straight through translation to the literature of any languages and to the separate events happening in the world. India has had close links with ancient civilisations such as Greek, Egyptian and Chinese. This interactive connection would have been impossible without the knowledge of the varied languages spoken by the separate communities and nations. This is how human beings realised the point of translation long ago. Needless to mentiuon here that the relevance and point of translation has increased greatly in today's fast changing world. Today with the growing zest for knowledge in human minds there is a great need of translation in the fields of education, science and technology, mass communication, trade and business, literature, religion, tourism, etc.
Defining Translation
Broadly speaking,translation turns a text of source language(Sl) into a spoton and understandable version of target language(Tl)without losing the suggestion of the original. Many habitancy think that being bilingual is all that is needed to be a translator. That is not true. Being bilingual is an important prerequisite,no doubt, but translation skills are built and industrialized on the basis of one's own long drawn-out communicative and writing experiences in both the languages. As a matter of fact translation is a process based on the theory of extracting the meaning of a text from its gift form and reproduce that with separate form of a second language.
Conventionally, it is recommend that translators should meet three requirements, namely: 1) Familiarity with the source language, 2) Familiarity with the target language, and 3) Familiarity with the field matter to accomplish the job successfully. Based on this concept, the translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language (Sl) and does his best to reproduce the same meaning in the target language (Tl) using the Tl forms and structures to the best of his knowledge. Plainly and supposedly what changes is the form and the code and what should remain unchanged is the meaning and the message (Larson, 1984).Therefore, one may note the most coarse definition of translation, i.e., the option of the nearest equivalent for a language unit in the Sl in a target language.
Computers are already being used to translate one language into another, but humans are still involved in the process either straight through pre-writing or post-editing. There is no way that a computer can ever be able to translate languages the way a human being could since language uses metaphor/imagery to transport a particular meaning. Translating is more than Plainly looking up a few words in a dictionary. A quality translation requires a standard knowledge of both the source language and the target language.
Translation Theory, practice and Process
Successful translation is indicative of how closely it lives up to the expectations as: reproducing exactly as for as inherent the meaning of the source text,using natural forms of the receptor/target language in such a way as is standard to the kind of text being translated and expressing all aspects of the meaning closely and effortlessly understandable to the intended audience/reader.Technically, translation is a process to abstract the meaning of a text from its current forms and reproduce that meaning in separate forms of another language. Translation has now been recognised as an independent field of study. The translator can be said to be the focal element in the process of translation. The writer/author becomes the centre, for whatever he writes will be final, and no two translators translate a text in the same way. It is genegally believed that a writer to know the intricacies of the Tl in which he may wish to translate. As a matter of fact, it is not the writer of the Sl text who asks man to translate his works into the Tl; it is primarily the interest of the personel translator which prompts him to translate a work into his mom tongue. A prosperous translator is not a mechanical translator of a text but is creative as well. We may say that he is a co-creator of the Tl text. . In fact, for a translator knowledge of two or more languages is essential. This involves not only a working knowledge of two separate languages but also the knowledge of two linguistic systems as also their literature and culture.Such translators have been seen to possess varied qualities which we shall briefly discuss later.
Linguiustically,translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language and its text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical buildings which are standard in the target language and its cultural context. The process of translation starts with the understanding of the source text closely and after discovering the meaning of the text, translator re-expresses the meaning he has drawn out into the receptor/target language in such a way that there is minimal loss in the transformation of meaning into the translated language.This whole process could be graphed as under:-
Overview of the translation task
In practice, there is always principal divergence in the types of translations produced by varied translators of a particular text. This is because translation is essentially an Art and not Science.So many factors along with proficiency in language,cultural background, writing flair etc.determine the quality of translation and it is because of that no two translations seem to be alike if not averse.
Accommodation in Translation
Translation turns a communication in one language into a spoton and understandable version of that communication in another language. Sometimes a translator has to take confident liberties with the traditional text in order to re-create the mood and style of the original.This,in other words is called 'accommodation.' This has three dimensions: cultural accommodation; collocation accommodation; ideological accommodation; and aesthetic accommodation.Accommodation is carefully a synonym of adaptation which means changes are made so the target text produced is in line with the spirit of the original. Translation is not merely linguistic conversion or transformation between languages but it involves chamber in scope of culture, politics, aesthetics, and many other factors. chamber is also translation, a free, rather than spoton kind of translation. Moreover, it is confident in practice if the translation is to allege the source message's essence, impact, and effect. There is an bright saying: A translation is like a woman: if it is faithful, it is not beautiful; if it is beautiful, it is not faithful. That is to say if you want to be careful with the text while translating you are bound to lose the attractiveness of the translated text and if you try to allege the attractiveness of the translated text you are sure to be unfaithful with the traditional text.. Faithfulness was once carefully the iron rule in translation process but over the years when we take a closer look, accommodation, or adaptation, is found in most published translations and it has come to be a necessity too since keeping in view the averse cultural/lingual/geographical/historical/political diversifications and backgrounds of varied languages and their literatures, accommodation,if not compromising, is practically obligatory. Accommodation, too, has to be carried out very sensibly, more especially when it comes to translating poetry or any such text which is highly immotive and artistic in nature.For example translating poetry has never been so simple. Robert Frost once said, "Poetry is what gets lost in translation." This is a adequate evidence of the strangeness involved in translation of poetry. Because poetry is fundamentally principal for its aesthetic value, therefore, aesthetic chamber becomes an art instead of a basic requirement. A good poetry translator with a good measure of chamber and adequate knowledge of aesthetic traditions of separate cultures and languages, can be better appreciated by the target reader and can accomplish the required effect.
Qualities of a good Translator
A good translator should have adequate knowledge of the Sl(source language) from which he is translating into the Tl which is generally his mom toungue/target language. In order to produce an spoton translation of the Sl text he should have command over the grammatical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the Sl. In increasing to this it is principal that he is well-conversant with the socio-cultural contexts of both the Sl and the Tl. A good translator should be the author's mouthpiece in a way that he knows and comprehends fully whatever the traditional author has said in his text. One of the generally standard characteristics of a good translation is that it should look like the traditional text or come as close to the Sl text as possible. It should appear like the traditional in the Tl translation within the usual group and cultural settings with some minor accommodation, if necessary,of course.
Usually it is also believed that the job of a translator is a mechanical one-a simple rendering of the Sl text into a Tl text. But it is not so. The translator has to accomplish a assuredly difficult task. It is in a way more difficult and involved than that of the traditional writer. A creative writer composes or pens down his thoughts without any outward compulsion. A translator has to confine himself not only to the Sl text but a host of other factors also intervene in the process of translating the Tl.
A good translator must have an adequate knowledge of the field or area to which the Sl text relates so that the translator is able to capture the spirit of the Sl text. If he does not have an in-depth knowledge, he may not be able to produce an spoton translation favorable for its intended purpose. For example, if you want to translate the Bible or the Gita or any other religious text, you must have adequate knowledge of those religious and theological works.
A good translator should be careful of the choices that he makes in using the Tl. He should translate in the style, which is standard for the target audience. The style should be such that it appears to be natural and spontaneous to the Tk readers. The translation in the Tl should not sound alien.
A translator does need confident tools to help him out in moments of difficulty. These tools can be in the form of good monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-dictionaries, glossaries of technical and standard works, etc. Pertaining to the Sl text.
A good translator must have patience and should not be in a hurry to rush straight through while translating any text. He should not hesitate in discussing with others the problems that he may come across. Morever, he should not shy away from conducting micro-research in order to arrive at allowable and apt equivalents.
In short, a good translator should be a competent and proficient bilingual, customary with the subject/area of the Sl text chosen for translation. He should never try to insert his own ideas or personal impressions in the Tl text. His objective should be to transport the article and the intent of the Sl text as exactly as inherent into the Tl text. The job of a translator is very rewarding and intellectually stimulating
Finally,a few words(based upon my close understanding about translation study and activity) for up-coming translators and translation-lovers.To translate from one language into another has never been an easy endeavour.It is an practice both painstaking and cumbersome and only those who have engaged themselves with translation work can comprehend the involved character of this Art. I have been linked with translation work for over three decades translating from English, more especially, from Kashmiri/Urdu into Hindi and back.
1-A good translator ought to be a good writer.
2-You needn't translate all things that has been written, you need to translate the best only.
4-A good translator adjusts/accommodates and not compromises with the traditional text.
5-Translators are like ambassadors representing and exchanging the best of their literary world.
5-Art of translation is as old as makind, don't you translate your understanding before you speak it out? Some more suggestions:
1-Try to get into the mind of the writer.
2-Check your translation twice or may be thrice before finalizing the script. Put the traditional passage "aside" and listen to/read your translation with your ear "tuned in", as if it were a passage originally written in the Tl.
3-If your material is highly technical, with vocabulary that is distinctive to a discipline, it is important that the translator has at least some background or perceive of that discipline. A good translator of poetry and drama may be a bad option for a chemical engineering or biotechnology text.
4-If you have a native speaker of your target language handy, particularly one who is customary with the subject, that man could be as beneficial as your instructor for final script-review. Take his assistance without fail.
A few more guide lines for the translators:
Do not try to find difficult equivalent words in the hope that this will add to the perfection of your translation.
Every language has its own punctuation rules and differ in many ways; take care to punctuate correctly.
Check your translation two or three times at the end.
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