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Science Current Events 2011! Again, for I know. Ready to share new things that are useful. You and your friends.We all are so reliant on technology that at times we take it for granted. We take for granted that it will all the time work when we need it, and that it is designed for resiliency and reliability. In many cases, it is not the invent that gets in the way but rather covering factors that exacerbate the issue. One of the main ones, key to the performance of any industrialized technology, is rooted in science over 100 years old and relatively unchanged since.
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While most of us think that our old friend Ben Franklin discovered electricity with his illustrious kite flying, the real father of electrical power is English scientist William Gilbert. He extrapolated the writings of Thales of Miletus from around 600 Bc of rubbing amber to yield a charge. Nearly 2200 years later, Gibson discussed the capability to take and guide charges in many separate substances and coined the term "electricity" from the Greek word for amber. around the world, some separate machines were built to create these charges foremost to devices we still see today such as the Van De Graff generator which is used as a particle accelerator.
Electricity remained a curiosity until the Leyden jar was built in 1745 by Pieter van Musschenbroek which stored static electricity for a single, total discharge. I guess you could say it was the first battery! Many others sped the process of production power available and usable along with Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta who created the forerunner of the modern battery, the voltaic pile and Michael Faraday who worked with magnets to yield a stable power generating field. Then we marveled at Thomas Edison with his Dc generator and Joseph Swan who created the first incandescent light bulb. They were followed by Nikola Tesla who invented the first motor to create Ac or alternating current which George Westinghouse saw immediately as the future of galvanic generation and bought the technology. Lastly, we cannot forget James Watt, Andre Ampere, and George Ohm whose contributions were so illustrious that units of galvanic power were named after them!
Now that we've established where electricity came from, we bow to the knowledge that without it our modern 21st century world would stop dead in its tracks. With increased reliance on network computing, businesses large and small would be severely impacted if those systems were not available, so allowable planning for power to those server rooms and data centers is beyond critical. Ironically, in many small to mid-sized organizations guaranteeing good clean power flow is almost never addressed.
To that end, allowable planning and estimation of the power consumption of It equipment is as foremost as the setup and deployment of the gear itself. The first step is providing constant power in a clean, consistent wave. Without getting into the tenets of electrical engineering, keep in mind electrical power comes in "watts" which describes the flow of electricity. galvanic power, also called current, travels along the wires in a wave.
This is foremost to the allowable care of all devices that are fed by electricity. The prolonged shape of that wave is crucial to retention devices running and also to their longer availability and lifecycle. What many population don't take into list is the fact that the power that comes to your door from the galvanic company is rarely this consistent. We are acutely aware of and worry about power outages due to the immediate nature of the threat. Power goes out, equipment shuts off. It's that simple. But it's significantly more than that.
The jarring consequent of sudden power loss can and does wreak havoc with sensitive electronic gear especially complicated systems like Pcs, servers, and other processor-based equipment. Over time, this will lower the life expectancy of these systems. The qoute is there is no way to part just how much time you are losing. It's like avoiding your doctor's advice to stop eating fatty foods or smoking. Maybe you will continue on for years without a problem, or maybe you'll drop dead tomorrow from a heart attack.
Sudden power loss, or blackout, is not the only threat to your indispensable infrastructure. As I mentioned before, the flow of power is rarely consistent, and events such as brownouts and spikes are equally hazardous to equipment.Brownouts are defined as temporary reductions in power often due to over demand. When power is reduced during a brownout, lights may dim but servers and Pc's cannot slow down so they strain to keep running at their former levels. Spikes are simply a sudden event that sends a jolt of extra current through the power grid. Most often this occurs during a thunderstorm when a bolt of lightning hits a power line, but lightening doesn't have to be present for a spike to occur. Collate the sudden surge of power to a dam; if your local depot gets a sudden burst of water flow, it could break without the allowable protections in place. The same is true for your sensitive network equipment.
We have seen what can be wrought as a consequent of inattention to power, so what do we do about it? Most ordinarily seen in the Smb marketplace are devices that mitigate the flow of electrical power called uninterrupted power supplies, or Ups. A Ups has a dual purpose, the most ordinarily carefully is to keep power going to attached devices when a power outage hits. Yet a good Ups performs a significantly more foremost function, assuring a good clean power flow. When describing how events like spikes and blackouts can have serious impact on the performance and life of equipment, the notice was there was no intermediate gadget between the power feed and the equipment. But a Ups, in expanding to having battery back-up capability to keep power flowing, acts as a kind of filter to smooth out those fluctuations in the galvanic power wave. It's akin to having a flow restriction gadget in your shower. Regardless of the flow of water from the main, the flow of water to the shower head is delivered at a nice, constant rate.
There are also optional features in these Ups devices that can be highly beneficial. One would be a monitoring module that can be added to the Ups structure. For example, modules can create alerts when power is compromised, or the climatic characteristic in the room fluctuates out of the proper range. Alerts can be sent to email addresses and/or mobile devices, and can be recorded and logged on the network for later analysis. For small and mid-sized company that don't employ a dedicated It person, some level of this capability is beneficial and allows alerts to be directly dealt with by the It assistance provider.
Ups units are the minimal notice in security for a modern company network. In the small to mid-sized company with a uncomplicated server room that often also houses the company's phone system, assuring consistent and uninterrupted power is nearly all they will need. But neglecting another environmental factor could also be disastrous.
I have seen many of these "equipment rooms" as cramped closets or repurposed office spaces, and in some cases with itsybitsy or no Hvac venting. allowable cooling of the space must be carefully or disruption and failure will occur to these sensitive systems.
There are guidelines for the allowable amount of air conditioning to keep these spaces in the recommended climatic characteristic range of between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit. Suffice it to say if this is not adequately planned for, you may be investing in new gear much sooner. Heat can legitimately fry system boards and wiring or cause cooling fans to overextend and fail. Because there are so many factors to weigh, getting a consultation from a pro is highly recommended. Even if you think you are safe because you only have one server and a itsybitsy firewall, if they are crammed in an old broom closet (don't laugh, I have seen this!), you are finding at the inherent for a major failure.
As you ascend the ladder in server room size and the amount of equipment in it, there are more thorough solutions from a bevy of manufacturers such as American Power Conversion (Apc), Liebert, Eaton and more. These range from rack-based solutions where the Ups and cooling are combined in a self-contained and enclosed unit, to huge blade server racks with rack-sized air handling. For the Smb space, Apc has been the leader for years in solutions that fit both size and budget.
Apc has some very proper white papers along with one titled "Cooling Strategies for It Wiring Closets and Small Rooms," by Neil Rasmussen and Brian Standley that has a wealth of information. The decision on what is best for your unique needs often hinges on price and how many features can be obtained for a inexpensive investment.
In my experience, it is rare to see a small or mid-sized assosication that needed to go to the lengths of an company assosication in regard to a server room. Features like raised floors to hide all the cabling, hot and cold row design, and multiple sources of power and connectivity are ordinarily not indispensable or affordable for the Smb. That said some Smbs have opted for a cloud-based infrastructure which essentially rents out space in large datacenters. Of procedure this nearly renders the conference of power and cooling moot. I say nearly because you still will have some gear on-site, like the phone system or a firewall, and it will have to be protected too.
This white paper is a uncomplicated summary of the power and cooling needs of small and mid-sized company today. As this is written, Pennsylvania is establishment to deal with the uncertainty of power costs when previously enacted rate "caps" are lifted on January 1, 2011. While shopping for the best deal is going to be a huge part of that, production sure the power is protected and stable must be carefully too.
Proper planning and consultation can help mitigate the inherent for crippling allocation increases and equally crippling failures. Find a trusted partner that can help your thorough It strategy and allow them to manage your network so the network won't manage you! whatever you do, leave the kite experiments to the experts. You'll find ways to make the power you need more affordable like virtualizing servers, replacing Pcs with thin client workstations, or telecommuting.
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